Ibn AL-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences
Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Sciences
Fast New Method for Estimation of Captopril in Pure and Pharmaceutical Preparation by Reaction with Ammonium Ce (IV) Sulfate in Acid Medium
Section: Chemistry Keywords: Captopril, Flow injection analysis, Hypertension, Ayah 6S×1-ST-2D solar cell Continuous flow injection analyzer. The determination of captopril (CAP) using a new continuous flow injection analysis (CFIA) method was given in this work CAP in its pure state and some of its pharmaceutical preparations. The technique can be described as simple, fast, sensitive, easy to operate, and low-cost. The CAP reacted with ammonium ceric(IV) sulfate (ACS)2(NH4 )2SO4Ce(SO4)2. 3 H2O in an acidic medium and the reaction led to the formation of a white, slightly yellowish precipitate. The formed precipitate was studied using Ayah 6S×1-ST-2D Solar cell-CFI Analyzer, a through the reflection of accident light on the surfaces of the precipitate particles at (0-1800), expressed as the response of the transducer measured in (mV). Some chemical and physical parameters were studied to provide the optimal conditions for the study. The calibration curve within the range of (0.07-3.0) mmol/L was linear, with a correlation coefficient (r) value equal to (0.9983), and the percentage value of linearity (R2%) was (99.65). The method's detection limit (L.O.D.) of the new method was 272.5 ng/25 µL; it was calculated by diluting the minimum concentration in the calibration curve gradually. RSD% was less than 0.2% for 0.9, 1.5, and 3.0 mmol/L concentrations of C.A.P. for n=8. The method was successfully applied to estimate C.A.P. in three pharmaceutical preparations, each produced by a different company. The new method was compared with the UV-Spectrophotometric method (classical method) at λmax= 207.2 nm by using the method of standard additions. Both the t-test and the F-test were conducted to ensure that there wasn't a significant difference between the new method and the conventional one. The results of both tests showed, at a confidence level of 95%, that there was no significant difference.
Captopril, Flow injection analysis, Hypertension, Ayah 6S×1-ST-2D solar cell Continuous flow injection analyzer.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ibn AL-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Graphene Oxide Concentration on the Antibacterial Activity of GO–ZnO Hybrid Nanocomposites
Section: Chemistry Keywords: Bacterial effectiveness, Graphene oxide, Nanocomposite, Spin-coating technique, Zinc oxide Graphene oxide (GO) with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was synthesized using sol-gel and spin-coating procedures. This study aims to assess the antibacterial properties of ZnO-GO nanocomposites produced by spin coating with varying GO concentrations. So, different concentrations of GO NPs (10%, 30%, and 50%) were added to ZnO to assess the antibacterial activity. Structural and morphological properties of ZnO-GO were characterized using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The crystalline size of the pure ZnO NPs decreases with the increase of GO concentration, and the average crystalline size is 32.875 nm. The FESEM images showed that all samples contained mostly spherical-shaped particles with a high tendency to agglomerate. Also, the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized NPs (ZnO-GO) was investigated against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, and the fungus Candida albicans. The antibacterial properties of three compounds were highly efficient. Additionally, it was demonstrated that ZnO-GO has higher antibacterial activity than pure ZnO NPs.
Bacterial effectiveness, Graphene oxide, Nanocomposite, Spin-coating technique, Zinc oxide
Copyright (c) 2026 Ibn AL-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nanoscale Processing of Euphrates Poplar for Methylene Blue Removal
Section: Chemistry Keywords: Adsorption, Euphrates poplar, Kinetics, Methylene blue, Thermodynamics, Wastewater treatment The potential of Euphrates poplar (EP) leaves, a plentiful agricultural waste, as a sustainable adsorbent for wastewater treatment is examined in this work. FTIR, FESEM, and XRD were used to characterize activated carbon (AC) derived from EP leaves by carbonizing them at 400°C for 3 hours. Brunauer found a surface area of 3.77 m²/g using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) technique. Methylene blue (MB) adsorption trials showed that with an ideal contact time of 60 minutes, the removal efficiency exceeded 91%. Temperature and pH significantly affected the adsorption process, and the addition of EP nanoparticles enhanced dye uptake. According to kinetic modeling, the Temkin isotherm (R²= 0.904) provided the most accurate equilibrium fit, while the pseudo-second-order model (R²= 0.999) best explained the adsorption behavior. Positive ΔS° values indicated greater unpredictability at the solid-solution interface, and thermodynamic parameters confirmed that the adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous. These results demonstrate that Euphrates poplar leaves are an economical and environmentally beneficial adsorbent for dye removal, providing a viable alternative for wastewater treatment applications.
Adsorption, Euphrates poplar, Kinetics, Methylene blue, Thermodynamics, Wastewater treatment
Flow Injection Spectrophotometric Indirect Assay of Amlodipine Besylate Using Crystal Violet Agent
Section: Chemistry Keywords: Amlodipine Besylate, Crystal violet, Flow injection, Merging zone Amlodipine Besylate (AMB) was determined in pharmaceutical and biological samples using a continuous-flow injection technique characterized by simplicity, rapidity, cost-effectiveness, sensitivity, and a broad linear range. This study aims to develop and evaluate a flow injection analysis method for the rapid and reliable determination of Amlodipine in chemical and biological samples using minute quantities. The suggested method is based on the oxidation of the drug with a potassium bromide-potassium bromate mixture, followed by reaction with crystal violet as a reagent to produce a blue product, the absorbance of which was measured at 592 nm. The coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.9978, and the calibration curve's linear range is 10-250 μg/mL. The limit of detection for the standard was 2.46 μg/mL, the recovery was 99.81%, and the relative standard deviation was 2.4%. The proposed method was successfully used to estimate AMB in biological and pharmaceutical samples. Compared with those obtained using a United States Pharmacopeia reference method, the results were favorable, and at the 95% confidence level, there was no discernible difference in accuracy and precision
Amlodipine Besylate, Crystal violet, Flow injection, Merging zone
Synthesis and Spectral Investigation of Mixed Schiff Base and L-Leucine Complexes and their Biological Activity
Section: Chemistry Keywords: Biological activity, L-Leucine, Schiff base, Sulfonamides, Transition metals In this study, transition complexes of Fe(III), Zn(II), La(III), Ce(III), and Pr(III) with a Schiff base ligand (L), which is derived from 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde and sulfamethoxazole, as the primary ligand, and L-Leucinate as a secondary ligand. The bonding mode of the Schiff base has been confirmed through a range of techniques, including infrared, UV-visible (UV-Vis), carbon and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, and spectroscopic techniques, including UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A thorough discussion is provided on the structural and bonding features of the mixed ligand complexes formed from the Schiff base (L) and L-Leucine with ions [Fe (III), Zn(II), La(III), Ce(III), and Pr(III)], based on results from various research studies. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of these complexes was evaluated against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacterial strains. Furthermore, antifungal activity against Candida was evaluated, with tetracycline as the reference.
Biological activity, L-Leucine, Schiff base, Sulfonamides, Transition metals
New Phenolic-Carbonyl Azo Ligand and its Binding Modes, Geometry Assignments and Thermal Behavior for Ligand and its Metal Complexes
Section: Chemistry Keywords: 4-Aminoacetophenone, Azo dye, 2,3-Dichlorophenol, Metal complexes A fabricated Azo ligand (E)-1-[4-(3,4-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl) diazenyl] phenylethan-1-one was produced by a coupling reaction between diazonium salt made from p-aminoacetophenone and a basic solution of 2,3-dichlorophenol. The azo compound was used to form complexes with Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) ions at a 2L:1M molar ratio in an alcoholic medium. The ligand and its complexes were characterized using a set of spectroscopic techniques to obtain chemical and structural information. Infrared with Fourier transformation; ultraviolet and visible; ¹H/¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance; mass; thermal analysis and micro elemental analysis spectrometry, as well as molar conductivity. The results certified the chemical moiety and geometric fabrication. Azo dye acts as a bidentate ligand with phenol/hydroxy terminals. The finding was that Cr(III), Co(II), and Ni(II) complexes were characterized by a six-coordinate (distorted octahedral) geometry, whereas the Cu(II) complex had a tetrahedral structure. Thermal decomposition of the ligand and the selected complex was studied to assess stability upon heating and to determine the final residue.
4-Aminoacetophenone, Azo dye, 2,3-Dichlorophenol, Metal complexes
Extension Odd Generalized Rayleigh Inverse Rayleigh Distribution: Structure and Properties
Section: Mathematics Keywords: T-X family, point estimation, Inverse Rayleigh, quantile function The Extension Odd Generalized Rayleigh Inverse Rayleigh (EOGRIR) distribution is a novel statistical model that leverages existing distribution families in a flexible manner. This model enhances the ability of standard distributions to analyze data. It makes it easier and faster to examine and model different types of lifetime and reliability data. The essay thoroughly examines the fundamental mathematical characteristics of the EOGRIR distribution. Some examples include series expansions, moments, the quantile, skewness, Rényi entropy, kurtosis, order statistics, and the moment generating function. These traits help us understand how the proposed distribution works and how its mathematical principles operate. We also examine methods for estimating parameters, with a focus on maximum likelihood estimates (MLE), to ensure that inference and parameter estimates are accurate. The EOGRIR distribution is likely to have a significant impact on statistics, as it offers a more flexible and comprehensive framework that may be superior to the existing ones
Section: Mathematics Keywords: Covering Theorem for Alternating Groups For the alternating group An J. L. Brenner, through a series of papers showed that the class C of n- cycle or (n-1)- cycle, CCC covers A, for n = 4k - 1, 4k and 4k + 1, In this paper, the contumacy class of type (2)(n-2),n>6and n 1S even was studied. This class splits into two classes of A, c denoted by C and C, CCC= C'C'C was found.
Section: Physics Keywords: Kr-82 The energy level scheme of 82 Kr has been established On the basis of singles gamma spectra, gamma coincidence and Compton suppression measurements. Ge (Li) detectors were used to study the gamma spectra produced in the B- decay of Br to 82 Kr. A total of thirty-six -rays were observed. of which two at 182.9" and 454.98 kev are new. These two transitions considered are to depopulate new 5) level at 3001-31 keV Relative intensities and 10g ft values were calculated and spin / parities deduced
The Mean Time of Strip Domain Stay in Metastable State
Section: Physics Keywords: Metastable State The phenomenon of the thermoinduced jumps of the step domains length in imperfect magnetic films with perpendicular with anisotropy is studied. For describing of the strip domain transitions into other metastable states, the stochastic equation of its head movement is used. In this equation the spatial non-uniformities of the medium are modeled by the restricted random function, and thermal fluctuations by the Gaussian white noise. The dependences on the temperature and the bias field of the mean time of strip domain stay in a metastable state were calculated by the methods of the Markovian processes theory
Determination of crystallite size and strain values by fourier method for α- Al2O3
Section: Physics Keywords: crystallite size The sintering of Al(OH)3 powder for 2 hours each run in the temperature range 1673 K to 1873 K gives rise to the following crvstallization sequence: γ- Al2O3 → γ-θ -Al2O3 → θ+α- Al2O3 → α- Al2O3 The crvstallographic structures of the above products are assessed by x-ray diffraction method . The variation of crystallite size and root mean square (rms) strains in a- Al03 powder with sintering the temperature range 1673 K to 1873 K are studied by applying Fourier method using Mitra &Misra technique for 3 crystallographic reflections (104), (113) and (116). The results show that the lower temperature α- Al2O3 (1673 K) derived from Al(OH)3 produces lower crystallite size and higher rms strain . On the other hand, rms strain decreases with increasing the temperature to 1873K and the differences between the broadening of above reflections are decreased. Thus, the anisotropy higher temperature of sintering (1873K).Lower temperature sintering is reduced at1673 K of AI(OH)3 yield α- Al2O3 compacts of higher value of micro hardness number 884 and this value drops to 731 at 1873 K.
Determination of the Minimum Uncertainty States for a Rosen-Morse Potential by Using the Canonical Transformation of the Hamiltonian of the System
Section: Physics Keywords: Minimum Uncertainty States The wave functions of the minimum uncertainty states for a one- dimensional Rosen-Morse potential are obtained via exploiting Nieto's formalism for the construction of minimum uncertainty coherent states for different one-dimensional potentials and by using a canonical transformation of the Hamiltonian of the problem into a new Hamiltonian which is chosen so that it looks like a harmonic oscillator the mathematical derivations of the Nieto's procedures are presented.
Synthesis and Characterisation of some mixed-Ligand Complexes Containing N-acetyl Glycine and Pyridine with some Metal Ions.
Section: Chemistry Keywords: mixed-Ligand Complexes Some meta ions Mn+2, Fe+2, Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2, Zn+2, Cd-2, Hg+2 complexes of N-acetyl glycine (NAGH) and (pyridine) have been synthesized and then characterized on the basis of their (C.H.N) analysis, IR.UV-Visible spectroscopy and conductive measurements and Magnetic susceptibility. From the results obtained, the following general formula has been given for the prepared complexes: [M+n(NAG): (Py):] XC2H5OH, where M= Mn+2, Fe+2, Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2, Zn+2, Cd-2, Hg+2 n=2.X=01 (NAG) =Ligand ion (N-acetylglycinato( py = pyridine
Brucella Blastongenesis of Rabbits Lymphocytes Sensitized with Outer Membrane Proteins. Lipopolyccharide and Lipid-A. Associated Protein Extracted from melitensis.
Section: Biology Keywords: Brucella The study conformed rabbit lymphocytes on Blastogenesis assay was sensitized with outer membrane proteins (OMP), lipopoly saccharine LPS) and Lipid. A. Associated protein (LPA) extracted from brucella (filed strain). Results showed that there was an increase in melitensis the mitotic index (M.I) induced by LPA (19,48) and OMP (11.7) with while LPS induced lower value of MI (7.61).
Effect of Using Programming Instructions by Computers on the Achievement of Students and their Motivation to Learning Electrical Power of Electronics Subject
Section: Computer Keywords: Programming Instructions The aims of this research is to know the effect of using programming teaching by computers on the achievement of student and their motivation to learning electrical power electronics subject the sample is (45) students of the second class in Electrical Techniques in Technical Institute in Nassirviah at (2000-2001) that was divided into three equivalent groups by using equivalent groups designed. A choice of four titles in Electrical power Electronics and designed then by programming teaching and designed four computer teaching programes with roles of programming teaching . The final achievement test built from multiple choice that has validity and reliability consisting of (40) questions . And we designed the instrument f attitudes of students to subject before teaching consisting of (9) paragraphs and after teaching consisting of (13) paragraphs has validity and reliability. The instrument before teaching applied . has shown no statistical differences between the three groups traditional methods , and first. After that the control teaching by experimental by traditional methods and programming instruction ;and second experimental by traditional methods and programming the final achievement instruction by computer .After that we applied for testing. Test and instrument of motivation after teaching Coloration coefficient , ratio weighted we used Pearson and critical ratio as statistical methods .The findings are supremacy students of the second experimental group and control group at series in achievement and motivation to learning on the experiment group and control group.
Diagnosing Poultry Diseases Expert System
Section: Computer Keywords: Poultry Diseases Expert System We built and implemented an expert system capable of diagnosing poultry diseases by simulating computer programs using "Prolog" language. Depending on expertise taken form experts, book scientific magazines and applied studies on diseases of poultry animal medical centers in the situated in governorate. A number of interviews and live observations have been conducted where knowledge was edited, ordered and put into special structure in the language used in writing and programming the system A number of very common diseases have been selected equals (l3) diseases to be diagnosed by a series of symptoms of each disease. Knowledge has been incorporated into the expert system by using inference rules. The system depends on an interactive style to interface with the use by using menu driven method. The ultimate linal results have been presented to the expert system alter lasting stage which includes three medical centers in the governorate where the system has been applied to (120) case studies and the expert system has proven its efficiency in the test.
Information Security Study for Information Hiding in Electronic Computers
Section: Computer Keywords: Information Hiding Cryptographic technologies are nowadays widely recognized asthe essential tool for security and trust in electronic communication. The research produces some important methods to hide information like this hide secret messages in other messages, graphic images and sound files.
Studying of Triangle Spread Function for Optical System includes Square Aperture and Compare with Circular Aperture ,
Section: Physics Keywords: Triangle Spread Function In this research: the triangle spread function (concluded from pupil function technique) has been regarded, to find image intensity from triangle object in optical system includes square aperture to compare with concluded values from (2.). The results shown that the square aperture contributes little Improvement on resolving power, and increases the depth of focus.
The Excited of Electromagnetic Waves for Langmuir Waves in Relativistic Plasma
Section: Physics Keywords: Electromagnetic The study of the excited nonlinear Langmuir waves has been obtained in relativistic plasma in a resonance beat frequency for two high frequency laser waves. In accordance to Vlasoy relativistic equation, we deduce a non-linear equation that illustrates the proceeding and behavior of the amplitude of exited Langmuir wave under resonant conditions and non-linear Schrödinger equation in her right term. On the basis of these two equations modulation and the kinetic resonance and we study the the effect of modulatior instability on the buildup of Langmuir wave
Calculating The Phosphor Concentration in Water of Tigris by (DNAA) Technique
Section: Physics Keywords: Phosphor Samples of water from some cities on Tigris river have been used to determine the concentration by the derivative activation analysis (DNAA) technique. Phosphor concentration was neutron determined by preparing complex (Phosphor Vanadium Moly date) ion P:V ratio of 1:2 After extraction by reagent organic MIBK and irradiation. The concentration was found to be (1.503-2.607) ppm.
The Effect of Lead Pollution on GST, GPT Diseases ALP. Activity and its Relation to Liver
Section: Chemistry Keywords: Lead Pollution The study of the effect of lead pollution on the activity of GST, GPT and ALP was undertaken occupational workers. The specimen of the project were divided into three groups according to their occupational periods as follows : Group A: 25 workers ,period of occupation 2yrs in Baghdad Factory Group B: 25 workers, period of occupation (2-10) yrs. in Baghdad factory. Group C: 25 workers. period of occupation10 yrs. in Baghdad Factory. Another group of 25 healthy unexposed to lead were considered as control group. The results showed an elevation in the activity of all enzymes under investigation in the blood of workers. The activity was positively correlated with the period of occupation i,e lead exposure. The elevation in GPT activity could be used as an damage , while elevated levels of GST occurs in all types of pollution indicator of liver to biological cells minimize the toxic effect erythrocytes and of pollutant.
Synthesis and characterization of some Lanthanide (III) Ions complexes with Anthranilic-acid and Amino acid phenylalanine
Section: Chemistry Keywords: Anthranilic-acid This paper presents the synthesis and identification of some complexes of the (Anthranilic acid )(ligand) symbolized as (A) and some trivalent ions Ln111[ La(III), Ce(I) , Pr(III) , Nd(III) .Gd(III) , Ho (III) and the same ions with the (Phenylalanine ) (ligand) symbolized as Phe). Productsi have been found to be solid crystalline, complexes which have been studied and characterized by the :Thermal stability, solubility, molar conductivity, elemental analysis (C.H.N), magnetic measurements. determination the percentage of the metal in the complexes by (A. A. S) and sepectrosopis methods (Uv-Vis ,IR(. From the above investigations, the general formula has been suggested [M(A-1)3] and M(Phe.1)3] were M111- La(III), Ce(III) , Pr(III) , Nd(III),Gd(III), Ho(III) A-11= C7H6NO2, Phe-11=C9H10NO2.
A Study of the Effect of some of Salix emophylla Extracts as a Mulcicide to the snail Bulinus truncatus the Intermediate Host of Schistosoma Haematobiun
Section: Biology Keywords: Bulinus truncatus Salix acmophylla extracts used as a mulcicide to the snail Bulinus truncatus the intermediate host of Schistosoma haematobium in Iraq to know the acute toxicity of these extracts. The study showed acute toxicity of leaves and bark extracts to the snail and the leaves extracts less toxic than the bark extracts. LC50 of leaves extracts 20gm/1) was 7% while the LC50 bark extracts 10gm/l) was 8%.There was a relationship between the time of study showed the ability to use the bark and leaves extracts in the exposure and the concentrations of bark and leaves extracts . This control of schistosomiasis synthesis and Characterization of Some Lanthanidel (II) Ions Complexes with Anthranilic Acid and Amino Acid Phenylalanine
The Study of Antibacterial Effect of The Extraction of Linum Usitatissimum an Some Pathogenic Bacteria
Section: Biology Keywords: Linum Usitatissimum The present investigation aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of hexane , methanol , ethanol and chloroform extracts of Al- Maha linseed culivar against some pathogenic miroorganism. including gram- positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus( gram - negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas). The oil (hexane extract) showed significant inhibition activity compared to the other extracts against the tested microorganisms . The oil extract showed pronounced activity even in lowers (up to 0.5%) concentration against all tested microorganisms.Meanwhile. the gram - positive bacteria was found more sensitive than those of the gram -negative bacteria. The inhibition actions of the absolute ethanol extract of the seeds against the tested microorganisms were variable from ne species to the others Therefore, Staph aureus were more sensitive (the inhibition ratio was 92%) followed by P. aercginosa (91%), B. subtilis (89%). E, coli (84%). The absolute methanol and choroform extracts of the linseed gave the Same inhibition actions against the tested microorganisms . The higher sensitivity was observed on the P. aeroginose followed by Staph. aureus. E. coli and B. subilis,
The Effect of Ethyl Alcohol on Some Sperm Characterstics in Testis and Epididymis of Albino Rats
Section: Biology Keywords: Albino Rats This study has been carried out on 20 adult rats Ruttus norregicus. Their weights are 350-400 g in order to determine the effect of different concentration of ethyle alcohol 20%.30%.40% on some sperm charactristics of male reproductive system. The rats were divided into 4 groups with 5 animals for each group. The first group was considered as a control while the second group was treated by 5 ml of 20% ethvl alcohol for each animal an so on for other groups according to the concentration mentioned above respectively for 30 days through gastric ways .The results showed that there an average significant was decrease (p<0.05). In the percentage of sperm live and significant decrease (p<0.05) in sperm number while the sperm abnormality was a significantly increase in each of testes and epididymis with tow region head and tail of ethyl alcohol for long periods on some sperm charactristics of male. This study showed the range of effectiveness of consumption reproductive system activity of these animals rats which lead finally in decrasing the sexual
Effect of Banbar Extract on some Male Reproductive Organs of the Swiss Mice
Section: Biology Keywords: Banbar Extract This study has been carried out on the male Swiss mice to define he effect of banbar seed extract on the testis. epididymis and its side effects on spermatogenesis . The results showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the sertoli cells ,sperm numbers, secondary spermatocytes and sperm concentration. Histopathological study in testis showed necrosis, degeneration, detachement of germ cells ,vasodilatation and appearance of spermiophygus in the lumen of tubules. On the epididymus, there was hypoplasia, detachment of epithelium from basement membrane and macrophages in high percentages.
The Development of the Eye in the Binni Barbus Sharpeyii Gunther
Section: Biology Keywords: Binni Barbus Sharpeyii The embryonic development of the eye in Barbuc sharpyeii has been investigated. The first sign of the eye development represented by evagination on both sides of the forebrain anlage 1n embryo at (27) hrs. after fertilization. The primordium of differentiated to optic vesicle in embryo at (3 1) hrs. after fertilization and then part of the optic vesicle which in front the ectoderm investigation, the optic cup will formed in embryo at (40) after fertilization. The optic cup has a double layers wall, the internal laver represented the eye reticulum while the outer layer represented the pigmented layer. During the larva age of (72) hrs. after fertilization of the cornea and sclera primordiums appeared in larva age (96) hr. after fertilization of the reticular laver differentiate to the inner nuclear layer, outer nuclear layer, Inner plexiform layer, internal limiting membrane. In larva at (216 & 384) hr. after fertilization the reticular layer differentiate to the external limited membrane, Ganglion cell layer, Internal plexiform layer, outer plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer, cones and rods Zone. At the same age, the optic nerve which connects with the mesencephalon roof appears and the iris and ciliary body appear while the ‣ optic cup development completed. On the other hand, the first sign of the eye lens appears as a lens age (38) hrs, after fertilization placode from the ectoderm in front of the optic vesicle in embryo at embryo at (40) hrs, after fertilization, eye lens differentiate then it changes to lens vesicle in spherical shape complete lens in larva at (72) hrs, after fertilization, and it lakes cell attached with lens fbers. The anterior in larva at (96) hrs. after fertilization. surfaces of the lens appear as single row of epithelial. After the completion of the lens differentiation and situated in between the edges of the optice cup, and appearanee of complete sclera, iris, and ciliary body of the eye. The eye development completed and the eye becomes similar to that in an adult fish.
Study of Soluble Proteins(SP1 and SP2 ) Effect Extracted from Proteus mirabilis on Level of Specific Activity of Adenosine Deaminase in the Sera of Albino Rabbit
Section: Biology Keywords: Proteus mirabilis The aimed of present study is to shed some light on the immunological effect of soluble proteins extracted from Proteus mirabilis through employing the Specific Activity of Adenosine Deaminase : ADA The Soluble proteins; Spl and Sp2,was extracted by using the lysozyme enzyme The rabbits were divided into Three groups .the first one was injected with Spl, the second with Sp2 for four weeks .and the third one was control group. The results revealed that specific activity of Adenosine Deaminase was significantly increased in the second and fifth weeks of injected group with Sp1 compared with control group. The same effects of the Sp2 was observed in specific activity of Adenosine Deaminase. Therefore, the extracted soluble proteins had an effects on the immune response of the rabbits.
Artificial Intelligence Model of Iraqi Paper Currency Detection in Vending Machines
Section: Computer Keywords: Artificial intelligence (AI); Convolutional Neural Network (CNN); Vending machines (VM); Mahalanobis-distance (Mah-dis) The development of technology is becoming necessary in multiple fields that specialize in human interaction life. This has contributed to increasing awareness of electronic financial transactions by enhancing the ease of handling currencies, especially by employing vending machines in commercial markets and airports. Vending machines have become widespread nowadays, and due to their ease of use for customers, it has become necessary to pay attention to this type of device. Due to the different currencies adopted in countries around the world, there has emerged a need to increase the flexibility of programming these machines to be suitable for the countries using the devices. In this research, an intelligent convolutional neural network model CNN was built based on artificial intelligence techniques integrated with the Mahalanob distance method to embed the suggested “CNN-ThrMah” model. The dataset, which contains types of banknotes issued by the Central Bank of Iraq, was collected using digital scanning supplied by a high-resolution camera to achieve high accuracy. Then, the “CNN-ThrMah” model was built and trained on this data, using the optimizer “AdamW” to achieve a high level of accuracy in detecting the types of currencies for the tested data that the model had not seen. While a Mahalanobis-distance method is used to prevent the model from overfitting when generalizing in the real world. This model achieves high accuracy for all detections of all positive samples of Iraqi currencies and negative samples of non-currency items that contain currency from other countries
Artificial intelligence (AI); Convolutional Neural Network (CNN); Vending machines (VM); Mahalanobis-distance (Mah-dis)
Side-Channel Attack-Resistant Smart Card Encryption Using Neural Signal Obfuscation
Section: Computer Keywords: Neural Signal Obfuscation (NSO), Side-Channel Attacks, AES-128 Encryption, Machine Learning, Power Analysis Crypto systems deployed in smart cards and embedded devices are vulnerable to side-channel attacks, in which adversaries exploit power consumption to recover secret keys. Correlation power analysis (CPA) and machine-learning-based attacks can break AES-128 implementations with relatively few traces. This work investigates Neural Signal Obfuscation (NSO) as a practical countermeasure for an AES-128 smart card-style implementation. We first acquire and characterize power traces from the target device and quantify baseline leakage using traces-to-disclosure (TTD), guessing entropy (GE), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the success rate of a neural network attacker. We then design and train a lightweight one-dimensional convolutional obfuscator that transforms power traces to suppress exploitable leakage while preserving correct cryptographic functionality. Re-evaluating obfuscated traces under the same CPA and machine-learning attacks shows that NSO increases TTD, reduces GE and SNR, and lowers the attacker's accuracy, forcing an adversary to collect significantly more traces to recover the key than in the unsecured baseline implementation.